Papers of the Month

Machine Learning for Climate and Weather
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If you find a nice paper, pop it here. Each WG meeting, someone will give a quick description of their three favourites from the list. Note, you can put in papers published from any date, but the idea is to put things here which we stumble upon, and have a brief chat about them together.

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November 2024:

  1. Li, Y., Han, W., Li, H., Duan, W., Chen, L., Zhong, X., et al. (2024). Fuxi-en4dvar: An assimilation system based on machine learning weather forecasting model ensuring physical constraints. Geophysical Research Letters, 51, e2024GL111136. https://doi.org/10.1029/2024GL111136

  2. [2306.01984] DYffusion: A Dynamics-informed Diffusion Model for Spatiotemporal Forecasting

  3. [2408.09627] Machine Learning for the Physics of Climate

  4. [2410.12938] Multi-modal graph neural networks for localized off-grid weather forecasting

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Here are mine for Nov 2024

  1. [2406.05019] Predictability Limit of the 2021 Pacific Northwest Heatwave from Deep-Learning Sensitivity Analysis
  2. Emerging AI-based weather prediction models as downscaling tools
  3. [2409.18529] Robustness of AI-based weather forecasts in a changing climate
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Papers from December 2024

ADAF: An Artificial Intelligence Data Assimilation Framework for Weather Forecasting - [2411.16807] ADAF: An Artificial Intelligence Data Assimilation Framework for Weather Forecasting

Probabilistic Emulation of a Global Climate Model with Spherical DYffusion - [2406.14798] Probabilistic Emulation of a Global Climate Model with Spherical DYffusion (see also https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hac_xGsJ1qY)

Probabilistic weather forecasting with machine learning - Probabilistic weather forecasting with machine learning | Nature

Fourier Analysis Networks - [2410.02675] FAN: Fourier Analysis Networks

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January 2025

It’s technically from late last year, but this paper seemed very impressive: [2412.18239v1] OMG-HD: A High-Resolution AI Weather Model for End-to-End Forecasts from Observations .

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Dec 2024 & Jan 2025

  1. [2407.06100] Leveraging data-driven weather models for improving numerical weather prediction skill through large-scale spectral nudging
  2. [2404.02905] Visual Autoregressive Modeling: Scalable Image Generation via Next-Scale Prediction
  3. [2412.11973] Neural general circulation models optimized to predict satellite-based precipitation observations
  4. [2404.06517] DiffObs: Generative Diffusion for Global Forecasting of Satellite Observations
  5. [2412.18239] OMG-HD: A High-Resolution AI Weather Model for End-to-End Forecasts from Observations
  6. [2409.02891] Regional data-driven weather modeling with a global stretched-grid
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February 2025:

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Feb 2025:

  1. [2404.00411] Aardvark weather: end-to-end data-driven weather forecasting
  2. [1910.13556] Convolutional Conditional Neural Processes
  3. [2412.15687] GraphDOP: Towards skilful data-driven medium-range weather forecasts learnt and initialised directly from observations
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Mar 2025

  1. [2502.18864] Towards an AI co-scientist
  2. [2410.14932v1] Can AI weather models predict out-of-distribution gray swan tropical cyclones?
  3. [2408.10958] Kilometer-Scale Convection Allowing Model Emulation using Generative Diffusion Modeling
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April:

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May 2025

  1. [2504.17192] Paper2Code: Automating Code Generation from Scientific Papers in Machine Learning
  2. [2505.06474v1] Climate in a Bottle: Towards a Generative Foundation Model for the Kilometer-Scale Global Atmosphere
  3. [2505.10559v1] Neural Thermodynamic Laws for Large Language Model Training
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June 2025

  1. [2405.16297] LUCIE: A Lightweight Uncoupled ClImate Emulator with long-term stability and physical consistency for O(1000)-member ensembles (extended LUCIE paper new version)
  2. End-to-end data-driven weather prediction | Nature (published version of Aardvark-Weather)
  3. [2506.13131] AlphaEvolve: A coding agent for scientific and algorithmic discovery
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July 2025

  1. [2507.12144] FourCastNet 3: A geometric approach to probabilistic machine-learning weather forecasting at scale
  2. [2506.22780] Multimodal Atmospheric Super-Resolution With Deep Generative Models
  3. [2504.05108] Algorithm Discovery With LLMs: Evolutionary Search Meets Reinforcement Learning
  4. [2507.17311] EarthLink: A Self-Evolving AI Agent for Climate Science
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